Renewable sources play an increasingly important role in global energy production. Wind farms are a desirable form of alternative energy source. Lightning protection has become of key importance for the safety and economy of large wind farms. This paper deals with the topic of protecting wind turbines and connecting cable lines from lightning strikes. The second chapter presents the basic characteristics of wind turbine drives, describes in detail the parts of wind turbines, and the general principle of operation of wind turbines. Connecting a wind turbine to the power grid is a significant problem. This leads to problems with grid operation. Trends in wind turbine development are also presented. The third chapter describes the protection of wind turbines from lightning strikes and the formation of protection zones. The protection system must be at the highest level, so the protection of individual parts and control systems of wind turbines has been additionally developed. The grounding system must enable the lightning current to be dispersed in the ground without causing dangerous voltages. To conduct lightning current from a wind turbine to the ground, it is necessary to have adequate grounding to limit overvoltages that can be dangerous for people and equipment. This is achieved by protective grounding that has a low impedance. This chapter describes the grounding system and all its features. The fifth chapter presents the overvoltage protection system of the low-voltage system of a wind turbine. Surge arresters and lightning current arresters in the 400/690 V system are specifically discussed. The selection of current arresters according to the type of protection is described. Examples of Dehn surge arresters and current arresters are given. The protection of the power system and all the elements that make it up requires special attention because poorly selected protection can result in very serious damage. Surge protection of the high-voltage system is discussed in the sixth chapter. This entire chapter is based on transformer overvoltage protection and the positioning of surge arresters for various cable sections. The main part of this paper is the protection of the connecting cable line of a wind farm built in poorly conductive soil. All options for protecting such a cable line are presented and discussed in detail, from the installation of surge arresters to numerical simulation of the locations of the surge arresters. An example of numerical simulation of the connecting 30 kV cable line between the 30 kV substation and the Orlice wind farm is presented.